The Liu Lab aims to decode how gene regulation and nuclear organization drive human neurodevelopment and disease. Leveraging induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) and human embryonic stem cells (hESC), we engineer 2D neural differentiation models, 3D cerebral organoids, and in vivo human–mouse chimeras to capture human-specific developmental processes. Cutting-edge single-cell multi-omics, CUT&Tag epigenome mapping, and super-resolution imaging are integrated to reveal how transcription factors and their contact hubs orchestrate—and how mutations misregulate—neuronal transcriptional and chromatin programs in neurodevelopmental disorders, with a focus on Rett syndrome (RTT) and autism spectrum disorders. By identifying disease-relevant pathways and regulatory elements, the lab seeks to pioneer mechanism-driven therapeutics, including advanced drug delivery platforms and gene therapy strategies.
Neuroepigenetics & Transcriptional Regulation
Stem Cell Models of Human Neurodevelopment
Gene Therapeutics for Brain Developing Disorders
Advanced Imaging Tools to Map Human Brain
We uncover how MECP2 and RNA polymerase II form dynamic transcriptional hubs that control gene expression in neurons. By integrating proteomics, structural biology, CRISPR-based genetic screens, and advanced imaging, we map the molecular partnerships and condensate assemblies that drive transcription. This work reveals how Rett syndrome mutations disrupt transcriptional hubs and paves the way for small-molecule strategies to restore healthy neuronal gene regulation.
We investigate how autism-associated transcription factors (TFs) control neuronal gene regulation by mapping their genome-wide occupancy and DNA-binding specificity. Using single-cell CUT&Tag and transcriptomics, we define how these factors orchestrate gene programs in patient-derived neurons, organoids, and postmortem human brain tissue. Determining how mutations in TFs or in their DNA binding sites perturb gene regulation is central to understanding phenotypic variation and disease. This knowledge will provide critical foundations for precision medicine approaches in autism spectrum disorders.
Melanoma causes most skin cancer deaths due to its high metastatic potential and resistance to current immunotherapies. To address this, we have created a unique human-mouse chimera model that supports long-term melanoma growth in an immune-competent host. This system captures the progression from immune activation to immunosuppression, enabling direct comparisons with existing preclinical models. Using spatial transcriptomics, we reveal human-specific tumor–immune interactions to guide next-generation immunotherapies for solid tumors.